ANSWER: July 1.

What are the new laws?

One bans the use of handheld cell phones while driving a vehicle. Those 18 or older may use a hands-free device. The other law prohibits drivers younger than 18 from using a cell phone, pager or any other kind of mobile device, including a hands-free one.

What's the penalty for breaking either law?

Drivers ticketed in San Diego County will be fined a minimum of $97 for the first offense and at least $211 for each additional offense, according to a San Diego Superior Court spokeswoman.

How can motorists comply with the hands-free laws?

If you are 18 or older and must make a phone call while driving, you can use a wired or wireless headset or earphones, or the speaker function found on many phones.

Can passengers still make calls and use other wireless devices?

Yes.

Why were the laws passed?

California lawmakers approved them in 2006 and 2007 in an attempt to reduce driver distractions. One recent study predicts the hands-free requirement will lead to 300 fewer traffic deaths statewide each year.

Why are younger drivers banned from using wireless devices of any kind?

Because of concerns over driving distractions, plus the fact that a disproportionate number of traffic accidents involve drivers 18 and younger.

Are there exceptions to either law?

Drivers of all ages can use handheld phones to make emergency calls to police, fire or medical authorities.

Will there be a grace period before the laws are enforced?

San Diego police plan to allow a 30-day grace period starting July 1. Several other agencies, including the California Highway Patrol and the El Cajon and Chula Vista police departments, say they will enforce it beginning July 1.

– STEVE SCHMIDT